CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 1 June 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
1 Jun 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 56 45 35
Rank change year-on-year -11 -10 -11
Permanent jobs citing CSS 4,203 5,503 14,782
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 4.00% 5.81% 8.76%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.51% 19.93% 21.09%
Number of salaries quoted 2,897 3,121 5,935
10th Percentile £31,250 £36,250 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,750 £43,750 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £55,000 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% - +10.00%
75th Percentile £67,500 £75,000 £70,000
90th Percentile £80,000 £92,500 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £50,000
% change year-on-year -4.76% +5.00% +11.11%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 21,541 27,618 70,092
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 20.52% 29.18% 41.54%
Number of salaries quoted 16,014 17,838 29,844
10th Percentile £36,250 £40,500 £37,500
25th Percentile £45,000 £50,000 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £64,500
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +4.65% +17.27%
75th Percentile £78,750 £87,500 £82,500
90th Percentile £100,000 £106,250 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 1 June 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 1 June 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -10 3,477 £52,500 -8.70% 790
UK excluding London -7 3,289 £50,000 -4.76% 590
Work from Home +1 1,705 £52,500 -4.55% 466
North of England -10 793 £47,500 -9.52% 180
London -36 766 £70,000 - 224
South East -22 734 £55,000 +4.76% 116
North West -9 521 £50,000 -4.76% 110
Midlands -9 464 £45,000 -18.18% 116
South West +29 439 £50,000 - 74
Scotland -2 411 £59,470 +13.28% 29
East of England +4 278 £49,020 -1.96% 68
East Midlands +19 237 £45,000 - 46
West Midlands -40 222 £47,500 -13.64% 70
Yorkshire -6 212 £45,000 -14.29% 48
Wales +15 106 £50,000 +11.11% 15
Northern Ireland +15 64 £45,000 -14.29% 10
North East -6 60 £42,500 -22.73% 22

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 292 (6.95%) ArcGIS
2 282 (6.71%) GeoServer
3 243 (5.78%) WordPress
4 237 (5.64%) CMS
5 84 (2.00%) SharePoint
6 73 (1.74%) IIS
7 53 (1.26%) FileNet
8 50 (1.19%) Drupal
9 43 (1.02%) Umbraco
10 40 (0.95%) Apache
11 36 (0.86%) nginx
12 25 (0.59%) SAS
13 20 (0.48%) Cloud Foundry
14 18 (0.43%) Confluence
15 15 (0.36%) Apache Solr
16 11 (0.26%) Headless CMS
17 10 (0.24%) Microsoft Exchange
18 9 (0.21%) Sitecore CMS
19 7 (0.17%) Joomla!
20 6 (0.14%) JBoss
Applications
1 66 (1.57%) Photoshop
2 50 (1.19%) Adobe XD
3 36 (0.86%) Microsoft Excel
4 33 (0.79%) Microsoft Office
5 32 (0.76%) Adobe Illustrator
6 30 (0.71%) Adobe Creative Suite
7 28 (0.67%) Sketch
8 13 (0.31%) InVision
9 9 (0.21%) Trello
10 7 (0.17%) Adobe After Effects
11 6 (0.14%) Acrobat
11 6 (0.14%) InDesign
11 6 (0.14%) Microsoft PowerPoint
12 4 (0.095%) Adobe Premiere
12 4 (0.095%) SPSS
13 3 (0.071%) Final Cut Pro
13 3 (0.071%) MadCap Flare
13 3 (0.071%) RoboHelp
13 3 (0.071%) Spreadsheet
13 3 (0.071%) UserZoom
Business Applications
1 70 (1.67%) Magento
2 55 (1.31%) Shopify
3 38 (0.90%) Dynamics CRM
4 36 (0.86%) SDL Web 8
5 22 (0.52%) Payment Gateway
6 20 (0.48%) Remedy ITSM
7 13 (0.31%) Salesforce CRM
8 6 (0.14%) SAP PLM
8 6 (0.14%) Teamcenter
9 5 (0.12%) NetSuite
10 3 (0.071%) Maximo
10 3 (0.071%) Sage 200
10 3 (0.071%) SAP Business One
11 2 (0.048%) CiviCRM
11 2 (0.048%) nopCommerce
11 2 (0.048%) SAP GRC
12 1 (0.024%) Sage 50
12 1 (0.024%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,572 (37.40%) Azure
2 876 (20.84%) AWS
3 409 (9.73%) Azure DevOps
4 238 (5.66%) IBM Cloud
5 208 (4.95%) Serverless
6 163 (3.88%) SaaS
7 155 (3.69%) Azure Functions
8 154 (3.66%) Azure Service Bus
9 146 (3.47%) GitHub
10 141 (3.35%) Azure Logic Apps
11 134 (3.19%) Power Platform
12 125 (2.97%) Azure API Management
13 91 (2.17%) Figma
13 91 (2.17%) GCP
14 86 (2.05%) Amazon S3
15 66 (1.57%) Power Automate
16 58 (1.38%) Google Analytics
17 57 (1.36%) Dynamics 365
18 55 (1.31%) PowerApps
19 51 (1.21%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 81 (1.93%) Internet
2 56 (1.33%) HTTP
3 55 (1.31%) TCP/IP
4 50 (1.19%) DNS
5 38 (0.90%) SSL
6 23 (0.55%) MQTT
7 22 (0.52%) Firewall
8 18 (0.43%) SSH
9 17 (0.40%) Network Security
10 16 (0.38%) SNMP
11 13 (0.31%) VPN
12 12 (0.29%) Modbus
13 8 (0.19%) Intranet
14 6 (0.14%) FTP
14 6 (0.14%) OpenVPN
14 6 (0.14%) Wi-Fi
15 5 (0.12%) Reverse Proxy
15 5 (0.12%) VoIP
16 4 (0.095%) Broadband
16 4 (0.095%) SMS
Database & Business Intelligence
1 838 (19.94%) SQL Server
2 708 (16.85%) PostgreSQL
3 503 (11.97%) MySQL
4 423 (10.06%) NoSQL
5 337 (8.02%) Relational Database
6 332 (7.90%) MongoDB
7 313 (7.45%) GIS
8 282 (6.71%) QGIS
9 240 (5.71%) DB2
10 188 (4.47%) Azure SQL Database
11 107 (2.55%) Elasticsearch
12 84 (2.00%) Power BI
13 55 (1.31%) Apache Cassandra
14 41 (0.98%) Redis
15 39 (0.93%) Tableau
16 25 (0.59%) SQL Server Reporting Services
17 24 (0.57%) Looker
18 22 (0.52%) Geospatial Data
19 21 (0.50%) Oracle Database
19 21 (0.50%) SQL Server Integration Services
Development Applications
1 829 (19.72%) Git
2 208 (4.95%) JIRA
3 178 (4.24%) Visual Studio
4 147 (3.50%) JUnit
5 135 (3.21%) Cypress.io
6 107 (2.55%) Selenium
7 93 (2.21%) Jasmine
8 78 (1.86%) Karma Test Runner
9 72 (1.71%) GitLab
10 66 (1.57%) Jenkins
11 64 (1.52%) WebDriver
12 62 (1.48%) Protractor
13 61 (1.45%) webpack
14 58 (1.38%) Bitbucket
15 55 (1.31%) TeamCity
16 53 (1.26%) Moq
16 53 (1.26%) NUnit
17 49 (1.17%) Team Foundation Server
17 49 (1.17%) Visual Studio Code
18 46 (1.09%) gulp
General
1 827 (19.68%) Social Skills
2 577 (13.73%) Finance
3 468 (11.13%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 456 (10.85%) Marketing
5 345 (8.21%) Public Sector
6 309 (7.35%) Law
7 187 (4.45%) Banking
8 184 (4.38%) Analytical Skills
9 169 (4.02%) Retail
10 110 (2.62%) Legal
11 100 (2.38%) Investment Banking
12 82 (1.95%) Advertising
13 61 (1.45%) Games
14 52 (1.24%) Manufacturing
15 45 (1.07%) Organisational Skills
16 44 (1.05%) Telecoms
17 31 (0.74%) Electronics
18 28 (0.67%) Presentation Skills
19 26 (0.62%) Back Office
20 25 (0.59%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 2,695 (64.12%) Developer
2 933 (22.20%) Senior
3 703 (16.73%) Software Engineer
4 569 (13.54%) .NET Developer
5 539 (12.82%) Full Stack Developer
6 521 (12.40%) Senior Developer
7 338 (8.04%) Lead
8 304 (7.23%) Software Developer
9 301 (7.16%) PHP Developer
10 297 (7.07%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
11 278 (6.61%) Senior Software Engineer
12 274 (6.52%) C# Developer
13 248 (5.90%) Full Stack Engineer
14 227 (5.40%) Web Developer
15 180 (4.28%) C# .NET Developer
16 176 (4.19%) Azure Developer
17 133 (3.16%) React Developer
18 132 (3.14%) Lead Software Engineer
19 122 (2.90%) Lead Developer
20 116 (2.76%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,600 (85.65%) HTML
2 1,888 (44.92%) .NET
3 1,748 (41.59%) React
4 1,099 (26.15%) AngularJS
5 968 (23.03%) jQuery
6 940 (22.36%) ASP.NET
7 829 (19.72%) .NET Core
8 799 (19.01%) HTML5
9 709 (16.87%) Vue
10 655 (15.58%) Twitter Bootstrap
11 623 (14.82%) Node.js
12 591 (14.06%) CSS3
13 582 (13.85%) Web Services
14 574 (13.66%) REST
15 450 (10.71%) Entity Framework
16 421 (10.02%) .NET Framework
17 404 (9.61%) RESTful
18 383 (9.11%) ASP.NET MVC
19 365 (8.68%) JSON
20 361 (8.59%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 374 (8.90%) Data Structures
2 344 (8.18%) Algorithms
3 246 (5.85%) Blockchain
4 238 (5.66%) Hybrid Cloud
5 175 (4.16%) Greenfield Project
6 141 (3.35%) Cloud Native
7 137 (3.26%) Mobile App
8 127 (3.02%) Self-Motivation
9 118 (2.81%) e-Learning
10 117 (2.78%) Product Ownership
11 63 (1.50%) Onboarding
12 58 (1.38%) CMDB
13 49 (1.17%) Legacy Systems
14 48 (1.14%) Legacy Code
15 46 (1.09%) Public Cloud
16 44 (1.05%) IoT
17 41 (0.98%) Social Media
18 39 (0.93%) Virtual Team
19 38 (0.90%) Management Information System
20 36 (0.86%) Graphic Design
Operating Systems
1 463 (11.02%) Linux
2 401 (9.54%) Windows
3 294 (7.00%) Android
4 284 (6.76%) Apple iOS
5 24 (0.57%) Unix
6 12 (0.29%) Windows Server
7 10 (0.24%) Ubuntu
8 8 (0.19%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 6 (0.14%) CentOS
9 6 (0.14%) Mac OS
10 4 (0.095%) AIX
10 4 (0.095%) VMS
11 2 (0.048%) Mac OS X
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,745 (41.52%) Agile
2 1,354 (32.22%) Full Stack Development
3 1,184 (28.17%) Web Development
4 1,011 (24.05%) DevOps
5 996 (23.70%) Software Engineering
6 960 (22.84%) MVC
7 834 (19.84%) User Experience
8 781 (18.58%) Problem-Solving
9 622 (14.80%) Front End Development
10 521 (12.40%) Artificial Intelligence
11 481 (11.44%) OOP
12 477 (11.35%) OO
13 464 (11.04%) CI/CD
14 452 (10.75%) Design Patterns
15 451 (10.73%) TDD
16 447 (10.64%) Mentoring
17 421 (10.02%) Computer Science
18 371 (8.83%) E-Commerce
19 369 (8.78%) Responsive Web Design
20 344 (8.18%) SOLID
Programming Languages
1 3,530 (83.99%) JavaScript
2 1,843 (43.85%) C#
3 1,397 (33.24%) SQL
4 791 (18.82%) TypeScript
5 736 (17.51%) Python
6 723 (17.20%) PHP
7 645 (15.35%) Java
8 192 (4.57%) T-SQL
9 63 (1.50%) PowerShell
10 53 (1.26%) C++
10 53 (1.26%) Go
11 52 (1.24%) VB.NET
12 47 (1.12%) C
13 43 (1.02%) Ruby
14 29 (0.69%) Kotlin
15 26 (0.62%) XPath
16 23 (0.55%) PL/SQL
16 23 (0.55%) XAML
17 22 (0.52%) Apex Code
17 22 (0.52%) VBA
Qualifications
1 627 (14.92%) Degree
2 366 (8.71%) Security Cleared
3 332 (7.90%) SC Cleared
4 219 (5.21%) Computer Science Degree
5 57 (1.36%) Microsoft Certification
6 31 (0.74%) BPSS Clearance
7 26 (0.62%) Master's Degree
8 23 (0.55%) DBS Check
9 16 (0.38%) CTC Cleared
10 12 (0.29%) Postgraduate
11 11 (0.26%) Azure Certification
12 6 (0.14%) HND
13 4 (0.095%) DV Cleared
13 4 (0.095%) ISEB
13 4 (0.095%) ISTQB
13 4 (0.095%) ITIL Certification
13 4 (0.095%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
13 4 (0.095%) PMI Certification
14 3 (0.071%) MCPD
14 3 (0.071%) MCT
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 223 (5.31%) Accessibility
2 173 (4.12%) QA
3 65 (1.55%) WCAG
4 28 (0.67%) PMO
5 27 (0.64%) GDPR
6 26 (0.62%) SLA
7 15 (0.36%) WAI
8 5 (0.12%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 4 (0.095%) GRC
9 4 (0.095%) ISO 9001
9 4 (0.095%) MiFID
10 3 (0.071%) Data Quality
10 3 (0.071%) HIPAA
11 2 (0.048%) Cyber Essentials
11 2 (0.048%) HL7
12 1 (0.024%) ISO 13485
12 1 (0.024%) NIST
System Software
1 239 (5.69%) Docker
2 23 (0.55%) Active Directory
3 15 (0.36%) Firmware
4 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
5 5 (0.12%) VMware Infrastructure
6 2 (0.048%) Terminal Services
7 1 (0.024%) Hyper-V
7 1 (0.024%) KVM
7 1 (0.024%) NFS
7 1 (0.024%) Varnish
7 1 (0.024%) Virtual Machines
7 1 (0.024%) VMware ESXi
Systems Management
1 207 (4.93%) Kubernetes
2 47 (1.12%) Terraform
3 29 (0.69%) Single Sign-On
4 13 (0.31%) WMI
5 11 (0.26%) MIIS
6 10 (0.24%) Ansible
7 7 (0.17%) cPanel
8 6 (0.14%) Active Directory Federation Services
8 6 (0.14%) Nagios
8 6 (0.14%) Progress Chef
8 6 (0.14%) Puppet
9 4 (0.095%) HP UCMDB
10 3 (0.071%) Galera Cluster
10 3 (0.071%) logstash
10 3 (0.071%) Plesk
11 2 (0.048%) Istio
11 2 (0.048%) RSA Archer
12 1 (0.024%) Grafana
12 1 (0.024%) Kibana
12 1 (0.024%) systemd
Vendors
1 535 (12.73%) Microsoft
2 293 (6.97%) ESRI
3 244 (5.81%) Red Hat
4 238 (5.66%) IBM
5 222 (5.28%) Oracle
6 168 (4.00%) Adobe
7 135 (3.21%) Google
8 63 (1.50%) ServiceNow
9 56 (1.33%) Salesforce
10 51 (1.21%) Facebook
11 50 (1.19%) WooCommerce
12 43 (1.02%) SAP
13 42 (1.00%) Atlassian
14 32 (0.76%) Xamarin
15 25 (0.59%) OpenAI
16 23 (0.55%) HP
16 23 (0.55%) Splunk
17 20 (0.48%) BMC
17 20 (0.48%) Remedy
18 19 (0.45%) Cognizant