CI/CD
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for CI/CD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited CI/CD over the 6 months to 18 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
18 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 29 21 19
Rank change year-on-year -8 -2 -2
Contract jobs citing CI/CD 2,491 4,480 7,542
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 5.85% 7.87% 8.62%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 6.79% 8.76% 9.51%
Number of daily rates quoted 1,758 3,165 5,298
10th Percentile £405 £450 £438
25th Percentile £463 £500 £500
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £600 £600
Median % change year-on-year -8.33% - +14.29%
75th Percentile £650 £688 £688
90th Percentile £750 £785 £775
UK excluding London median daily rate £540 £550 £525
% change year-on-year -1.82% +4.76% +10.53%
Number of hourly rates quoted 47 71 62
10th Percentile £50.75 £59.80 £35.00
25th Percentile £60.25 £60.91 £50.19
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.61 £65.00
Median % change year-on-year -0.92% +0.93% +30.00%
75th Percentile £70.00 £75.00 £75.00
90th Percentile £71.90 £79.50 £78.63
UK excluding London median hourly rate £67.25 £65.61 £65.00
% change year-on-year +2.51% +0.93% +12.07%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

CI/CD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 36,673 51,121 79,325
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.13% 89.77% 90.61%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,631 35,432 55,673
10th Percentile £300 £325 £344
25th Percentile £413 £438 £430
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £530
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +3.77% +7.07%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £480
% change year-on-year - +4.17% +9.09%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,440 1,683 1,892
10th Percentile £12.75 £10.63 £12.50
25th Percentile £15.99 £16.01 £15.50
Median hourly rate £36.05 £36.00 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year +0.13% +40.19% +7.00%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.54
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £37.50 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +7.14% +75.00% -4.99%

CI/CD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CI/CD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Daily rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 18 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Hourly rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 18 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Top 16 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CI/CD within the UK over the 6 months to 18 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -8 2,142 £551 -8.25% 1,273
London -6 1,316 £563 -9.64% 631
Work from Home -10 886 £550 -8.33% 789
UK excluding London -6 875 £540 -1.82% 818
North of England +3 308 £550 -0.90% 217
North West +2 186 £582 +5.82% 131
South East -17 175 £600 +4.35% 224
South West -17 144 £580 -3.33% 118
Scotland -10 125 £499 +2.31% 74
Yorkshire +12 112 £500 -9.09% 60
Midlands -32 64 £475 -11.71% 95
West Midlands -23 49 £475 -13.64% 68
East of England -23 40 £534 +1.23% 62
Wales +7 23 £509 -13.23% 26
East Midlands -5 12 £398 -6.47% 26
North East -19 10 £469 -21.88% 27

CI/CD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 98 (3.93%) Confluence
2 71 (2.85%) Apache
2 71 (2.85%) Apache Spark
3 66 (2.65%) Apache Airflow
4 31 (1.24%) OpenStack
5 30 (1.20%) nginx
6 28 (1.12%) Microsoft Exchange
7 22 (0.88%) SharePoint
8 17 (0.68%) CMS
9 14 (0.56%) JBoss
10 13 (0.52%) Anypoint
10 13 (0.52%) BizTalk Server
11 10 (0.40%) IIS
11 10 (0.40%) SAS
12 8 (0.32%) Adobe Experience Manager
12 8 (0.32%) Jupyter
13 6 (0.24%) Tornado
14 5 (0.20%) Apache Solr
14 5 (0.20%) Appian
14 5 (0.20%) Mule ESB
Applications
1 8 (0.32%) Microsoft Office
2 6 (0.24%) Microsoft Excel
3 5 (0.20%) Chatbot
4 4 (0.16%) CPLEX
5 3 (0.12%) Microsoft PowerPoint
5 3 (0.12%) Windchill
6 2 (0.080%) Trello
7 1 (0.040%) Gliffy
7 1 (0.040%) PlantUML
Business Applications
1 15 (0.60%) Dynamics CRM
2 10 (0.40%) Salesforce CRM
3 7 (0.28%) Endur
4 6 (0.24%) NEC Housing
4 6 (0.24%) SAP Hybris
5 4 (0.16%) Distributed Ledger
5 4 (0.16%) SAP S/4HANA
5 4 (0.16%) Shopify
6 3 (0.12%) ENOVIA
6 3 (0.12%) Loan IQ
6 3 (0.12%) Remedy ITSM
6 3 (0.12%) Teamcenter
7 2 (0.080%) Aladdin
7 2 (0.080%) BusinessWorks
8 1 (0.040%) Aareon QL
8 1 (0.040%) Magento
8 1 (0.040%) Markit EDM
8 1 (0.040%) MIS ActiveH
8 1 (0.040%) OPENHousing
8 1 (0.040%) R3 Corda
Cloud Services
1 938 (37.66%) AWS
2 860 (34.52%) Azure
3 366 (14.69%) Azure DevOps
4 311 (12.48%) Serverless
5 288 (11.56%) GitHub
6 278 (11.16%) GCP
7 183 (7.35%) Amazon S3
8 177 (7.11%) AWS Lambda
9 150 (6.02%) Entra ID
10 137 (5.50%) Amazon EC2
11 111 (4.46%) OpenShift
12 105 (4.22%) AWS CloudFormation
13 95 (3.81%) Amazon EKS
13 95 (3.81%) Azure Functions
14 93 (3.73%) GitHub Actions
15 89 (3.57%) Azure Cosmos DB
16 86 (3.45%) Amazon CloudWatch
17 80 (3.21%) PaaS
18 75 (3.01%) Virtual Private Cloud
19 72 (2.89%) Azure Data Factory
Communications & Networking
1 158 (6.34%) Firewall
2 105 (4.22%) VPN
3 68 (2.73%) DNS
4 49 (1.97%) TCP/IP
5 48 (1.93%) HTTP
6 41 (1.65%) Network Security
7 33 (1.32%) SSL
8 26 (1.04%) DHCP
9 16 (0.64%) BGP
10 13 (0.52%) SAN
11 11 (0.44%) Ethernet
11 11 (0.44%) Ethernet VPN
11 11 (0.44%) MPLS
11 11 (0.44%) Radio Access Network
12 10 (0.40%) VSAN
12 10 (0.40%) Wi-Fi
13 7 (0.28%) AMQP
13 7 (0.28%) Internet
13 7 (0.28%) Reverse Proxy
14 6 (0.24%) Intranet
Database & Business Intelligence
1 202 (8.11%) SQL Server
2 178 (7.15%) NoSQL
3 137 (5.50%) PostgreSQL
4 125 (5.02%) MongoDB
5 97 (3.89%) Relational Database
6 78 (3.13%) Amazon RDS
6 78 (3.13%) Elasticsearch
7 76 (3.05%) Data Warehouse
8 74 (2.97%) Azure SQL Database
9 66 (2.65%) MySQL
10 65 (2.61%) Data Lake
11 64 (2.57%) Big Data
12 57 (2.29%) Power BI
13 45 (1.81%) DynamoDB
14 36 (1.45%) Amazon Redshift
15 31 (1.24%) BigQuery
15 31 (1.24%) Redis
16 28 (1.12%) Oracle Database
17 24 (0.96%) Hadoop
18 22 (0.88%) Apache Cassandra
Development Applications
1 578 (23.20%) Jenkins
2 466 (18.71%) Git
3 325 (13.05%) GitLab
4 211 (8.47%) JIRA
5 120 (4.82%) Selenium
6 109 (4.38%) Cypress.io
7 92 (3.69%) Cucumber
8 77 (3.09%) Postman
9 70 (2.81%) Bitbucket
10 69 (2.77%) TeamCity
11 65 (2.61%) JUnit
12 55 (2.21%) Atlassian Bamboo
12 55 (2.21%) Maven
13 54 (2.17%) Visual Studio
14 53 (2.13%) SpecFlow
15 48 (1.93%) SonarQube
16 46 (1.85%) JMeter
17 44 (1.77%) Artifactory
18 33 (1.32%) Mockito
18 33 (1.32%) WebDriver
General
1 502 (20.15%) Social Skills
2 442 (17.74%) Finance
3 232 (9.31%) Public Sector
4 191 (7.67%) Analytical Skills
5 157 (6.30%) Banking
6 63 (2.53%) Front Office
7 57 (2.29%) Retail
8 45 (1.81%) Inclusion and Diversity
8 45 (1.81%) Presentation Skills
9 34 (1.36%) Telecoms
10 29 (1.16%) Law
11 27 (1.08%) Investment Banking
12 25 (1.00%) Legal
12 25 (1.00%) Pharmaceutical
13 24 (0.96%) Financial Institution
14 23 (0.92%) Marketing
15 22 (0.88%) Back Office
16 19 (0.76%) Aerospace
17 18 (0.72%) Manufacturing
18 17 (0.68%) Electronics
Job Titles
1 707 (28.38%) Developer
2 388 (15.58%) DevOps Engineer
3 365 (14.65%) Senior
4 242 (9.71%) Architect
5 209 (8.39%) Lead
6 153 (6.14%) Senior Developer
7 148 (5.94%) AWS Engineer
8 142 (5.70%) Java Developer
9 141 (5.66%) Azure Engineer
10 128 (5.14%) Software Engineer
11 118 (4.74%) Data Engineer
12 114 (4.58%) Full Stack Developer
13 102 (4.09%) AWS DevOps
14 90 (3.61%) Python Developer
15 89 (3.57%) AWS DevOps Engineer
16 82 (3.29%) Cloud Engineer
17 75 (3.01%) Software Developer
18 68 (2.73%) Solutions Architect
19 67 (2.69%) Azure Developer
20 64 (2.57%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 288 (11.56%) React
2 284 (11.40%) Node.js
3 283 (11.36%) .NET
4 237 (9.51%) REST
5 173 (6.95%) Spring
6 160 (6.42%) HTML
7 154 (6.18%) XML
8 153 (6.14%) Kafka
9 150 (6.02%) Spring Boot
10 145 (5.82%) CSS
11 129 (5.18%) RESTful
12 113 (4.54%) .NET Core
13 103 (4.13%) AngularJS
14 97 (3.89%) Elastic Stack
14 97 (3.89%) JSON
15 86 (3.45%) YAML
16 82 (3.29%) .NET Framework
17 75 (3.01%) ARM Templates
18 69 (2.77%) GraphQL
19 67 (2.69%) Web Services
Miscellaneous
1 162 (6.50%) Product Ownership
2 97 (3.89%) Public Cloud
3 88 (3.53%) Cloud Native
4 78 (3.13%) Distributed Systems
5 62 (2.49%) Data Structures
6 60 (2.41%) Algorithms
7 55 (2.21%) Linux Command Line
8 52 (2.09%) Mobile App
9 51 (2.05%) Greenfield Project
10 44 (1.77%) Legacy Systems
11 38 (1.53%) Data Centre
12 37 (1.49%) Data Protection Act
13 36 (1.45%) Derivative
14 31 (1.24%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
14 31 (1.24%) Onboarding
15 30 (1.20%) Management Information System
16 29 (1.16%) PKI
17 28 (1.12%) Enterprise Software
18 27 (1.08%) Self-Motivation
19 26 (1.04%) Fixed Income
Operating Systems
1 425 (17.06%) Linux
2 213 (8.55%) Windows
3 99 (3.97%) Unix
3 99 (3.97%) Windows Server
4 80 (3.21%) Android
5 65 (2.61%) Apple iOS
6 56 (2.25%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 32 (1.28%) CentOS
8 21 (0.84%) Windows Server 2019
9 20 (0.80%) Windows Server 2016
10 18 (0.72%) VMS
11 17 (0.68%) Ubuntu
12 7 (0.28%) Embedded Linux
13 5 (0.20%) Alpine Linux
14 4 (0.16%) AIX
14 4 (0.16%) Solaris
14 4 (0.16%) VxWorks
15 3 (0.12%) Windows 10
15 3 (0.12%) Windows Server 2012
16 2 (0.080%) Mac OS
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,417 (56.88%) DevOps
2 1,090 (43.76%) Agile
3 489 (19.63%) Test Automation
4 477 (19.15%) Infrastructure as Code
5 426 (17.10%) Continuous Integration
6 385 (15.46%) Software Engineering
7 382 (15.34%) Microservices
8 341 (13.69%) Containerisation
9 338 (13.57%) Problem-Solving
10 325 (13.05%) Scrum
11 258 (10.36%) TDD
12 244 (9.80%) SDLC
13 231 (9.27%) Full Stack Development
14 180 (7.23%) Migration
15 168 (6.74%) Computer Science
16 160 (6.42%) Analytics
16 160 (6.42%) Continuous Delivery
16 160 (6.42%) Continuous Deployment
17 148 (5.94%) Configuration Management
18 144 (5.78%) Unit Testing
Programming Languages
1 854 (34.28%) Python
2 553 (22.20%) Java
3 471 (18.91%) SQL
4 373 (14.97%) JavaScript
5 330 (13.25%) PowerShell
6 316 (12.69%) C#
7 238 (9.55%) TypeScript
8 211 (8.47%) Bash
9 138 (5.54%) Go
10 95 (3.81%) Shell Script
11 92 (3.69%) Bicep
12 81 (3.25%) C++
13 59 (2.37%) Perl
14 52 (2.09%) Kotlin
15 51 (2.05%) Scala
16 44 (1.77%) Ruby
17 37 (1.49%) C
18 34 (1.36%) Groovy
19 25 (1.00%) PHP
19 25 (1.00%) T-SQL
Qualifications
1 485 (19.47%) Security Cleared
2 369 (14.81%) SC Cleared
3 191 (7.67%) Degree
4 117 (4.70%) DV Cleared
5 113 (4.54%) Computer Science Degree
6 44 (1.77%) AWS Certification
7 25 (1.00%) Master's Degree
8 24 (0.96%) Azure Certification
9 21 (0.84%) BPSS Clearance
10 20 (0.80%) AWS Certified DevOps Engineer
11 17 (0.68%) CISSP
11 17 (0.68%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
12 14 (0.56%) ISTQB
13 12 (0.48%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
14 10 (0.40%) CISM
15 7 (0.28%) Microsoft Certification
16 6 (0.24%) AAT
17 5 (0.20%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
18 4 (0.16%) CISA
18 4 (0.16%) ISEB
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 163 (6.54%) QA
2 60 (2.41%) Accessibility
3 40 (1.61%) Data Quality
4 19 (0.76%) ISO/IEC 27001
4 19 (0.76%) MISRA
4 19 (0.76%) NIST
5 16 (0.64%) GDPR
6 15 (0.60%) SLA
6 15 (0.60%) WCAG
7 13 (0.52%) Disclosure Scotland
8 12 (0.48%) PCI DSS
9 9 (0.36%) HIPAA
10 8 (0.32%) NCSC
11 5 (0.20%) ISO 9001
12 4 (0.16%) ISO 20022
12 4 (0.16%) MiFID
12 4 (0.16%) MISRA C
12 4 (0.16%) PMO
13 3 (0.12%) Cyber Essentials
13 3 (0.12%) ISO 22301
System Software
1 547 (21.96%) Docker
2 180 (7.23%) Active Directory
3 73 (2.93%) Virtual Machines
4 30 (1.20%) VMware Infrastructure
5 23 (0.92%) VMware NSX
6 20 (0.80%) Virtual Desktop
7 15 (0.60%) Apache ZooKeeper
8 10 (0.40%) vCloud
8 10 (0.40%) vSphere
9 9 (0.36%) HDFS
9 9 (0.36%) VMware ESXi
10 7 (0.28%) Firmware
11 3 (0.12%) Hyper-V
11 3 (0.12%) LXC
12 2 (0.080%) Embedded Firmware
13 1 (0.040%) Apache Flume
13 1 (0.040%) Ceph
13 1 (0.040%) NFS
13 1 (0.040%) Oracle RAC
13 1 (0.040%) Postfix
Systems Management
1 646 (25.93%) Kubernetes
2 643 (25.81%) Terraform
3 368 (14.77%) Ansible
4 154 (6.18%) Grafana
5 135 (5.42%) Prometheus
6 79 (3.17%) Puppet
7 67 (2.69%) Progress Chef
8 59 (2.37%) Kibana
9 34 (1.36%) logstash
10 27 (1.08%) Packer
11 24 (0.96%) PowerCLI
12 23 (0.92%) Consul
12 23 (0.92%) Single Sign-On
13 22 (0.88%) Active Directory Federation Services
14 20 (0.80%) Docker Swarm
14 20 (0.80%) SCOM
15 19 (0.76%) Argo
15 19 (0.76%) Istio
16 18 (0.72%) Microsoft Intune
17 17 (0.68%) WSUS
Vendors
1 358 (14.37%) Microsoft
2 139 (5.58%) Google
3 117 (4.70%) Oracle
4 78 (3.13%) Splunk
5 74 (2.97%) Databricks
6 65 (2.61%) VMware
7 47 (1.89%) Salesforce
7 47 (1.89%) ServiceNow
8 45 (1.81%) SAP
9 40 (1.61%) IBM
9 40 (1.61%) Red Hat
10 39 (1.57%) Atlassian
11 33 (1.32%) MuleSoft
12 27 (1.08%) CyberArk
13 26 (1.04%) Dell
14 22 (0.88%) HP
15 18 (0.72%) BeyondTrust
15 18 (0.72%) Cisco
16 17 (0.68%) TIBCO
17 16 (0.64%) Adobe